Match each vocabulary term to its definition. d) Motivation = expectancy X rewards X valence Successful managers tend to be high in this type of nPow. c) hygiene factors e) relatedness, According to McClelland, someone with a high need for _________ is drawn to interpersonal relationships and opportunities for communication. d. goal-setting theory. (Credit: Patrick Cashin/ flickr/ Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)), Corporate Social Responsibility as a Motivating Force, (Credit: Adrenalin Tim /flickr/ Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)), (Attribution: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC-BY 4.0 license), Satisfying Existence, Relatedness, and Growth Needs, Jamie Dimon, CEO at JP Morgan Chase, is reported to make $27 million dollars per year, and as CEO has an interesting and intrinsically rewarding job. e) It is not commonly used outside of the United States. So, when is this need good, and when is it bad? c) Motivation = expectancy + equity + rewards Leadership theory classifications include all of the following EXCEPT: contingency. The theory of evolution is one of the fundamental keystones of modern biological theory.. Q9 - Rational choice theories developed in the midst of social events that included all of the following EXCEPT: The Drug War. e) Esteem, relationships, and growth. b.) Once those needs have been satisfied, the next level, social needs, become energized. Do you think social responsibility to promote sustainable practices? Content theories of motivation mainly focus on the physiological and psychological deficiencies that people feel a compulsion to reduce or eliminate. They recorded $97,440 in accounts receivable for the year and$288,550 in credit sales. Herzberg argued that there are two sets of needs, instead of the five sets theorized by Maslow. a) distributive justice b.) e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . All of the following statements describe hygiene factors in the two-factor theory EXCEPT: This is a manifest need. According to McClelland, Joanna has a high need for _____________. e) base wage or salary. To get free, shake off restraint, break out of confinement. e) Self-actualization, Which of the following needs are addressed in Alderfer's theory? d) the order of needs in the hierarchy may differ across cultures. d) specific goals lead to lower performance true. When we are hungry, for example, our need for food has been energized. The second set of needs he termed hygienes. Hygienes relate to the work environment and are based in the basic human need to avoid pain. According to Herzberg, growth needs motivate us to perform well and, when these needs are met, lead to the experience of satisfaction. They constantly ask how they are doing, sometimes to the point of being a nuisance. c) Cells share similar chemical composition. Hedonism, one of the first motivation theories, assumes that people are motivated to satisfy mainly their own needs (seek pleasure, avoid pain). Exam will be online Sunday, May 14, 2023 c) Safety, self-actualization, and social d. Appraisal of the empirical evidence for and against the selected theory for the case at hand. 3. Which of the following is the correct order of Maslow's needs from the lowest (lower-order need) to the highest (higher-order need)? d) interactional justice e) Esteem, Sharon, a member of a book club, a sewing club, and a tennis club strives to maintain strong interpersonal relationships. C) an effort toward creating goals. When extrinsic rewards are present, people do not feel like what they do builds competence, is self-determined, or enhances relationships with others. c.) Teachable esteem a) work itself. In fact, around the 1920s, some 6,000 human needs had been identified by behavioral scientists! Question 16:- All of the following are content theories except: a) operant conditioning b) SDT theory c) ERG theory d) Motivator/Hygiene theory . How cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior. __________ is the process of developing, negotiating, and formalizing the targets or objectives that a person is responsible for accomplishing. 61. 2017. Giving Back. https://bombas.com/pages/giving-back, Knowledge @ Wharton. Bitcoin or net neutrality, sea levels or factory farmingsocial causes bind us to a larger context or assume a higher purpose for living better. b) Self-actualization and esteem ERG also focuses attention explicitly on movement through the set of needs in both directions. a) expectancy d. Ken Wilbur. E) an attitudinal trait. The cell membrane is composed. d.) Goal setting a) People with a high need for achievement prefer individual responsibilities, challenging goals, and performance feedback. b) hygiene factors are sources of job dissatisfaction. An employee who is often talkative, gives orders, and argues a lot is motivated by the need for power over others. When these needs are met, we experience satisfaction. e) improving hygiene factors will make people satisfied with their work. a) It is not pertinent for cultures outside of the United States. Round to the nearest cent. a) Reinforcement e) Motivation = expectancy + rewards + valence, a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence, Organizational Theory CHAPTER 5-8 Quiz 2 Set, Ch.14 Leader Traits and Behavioral Styles, Nonprofit Managment - Chapter 17 Internationa, Nonprofit Chapter 16 - Social Entrepreneurshi, Nonprofit Chapter 15 - Government Grants and, Nonprofit Management Chapter 14 - Earned Inco, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Arlene Lacombe, Kathryn Dumper, Rose Spielman, William Jenkins, Combo with Phonology and Acqusition and 1 oth. All of the following statements describe hygiene factors in the two-factor theory EXCEPT: To be interested in theory. a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. b) instrumentality b) instrumentality is high and expectancy and valence are low b) sense of achievement. c) Relatedness Lucretias need to dominate may not be motivating her current behavior because she is with friends instead of coworkers. d) the different needs that an individual is trying to satisfy b) How cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior a) achievement Organizational behavior researchers often classify motivation in terms of what stimulates it. a) Esteem, social, and safety Task feedback, or knowledge of results, overwhelms employees with information and reduces employee motivation toward higher performance. e) Maslow's hierarchy of needs. How does this pay structure relate to self-determination theory (SDT)? In contrast, if high-nAff people perform jobs in isolation from other people, they will be less motivated to perform well. A high-nPow person may try to convince others to do things that are detrimental to the organization. Theyre more likely to go bowling with friends after work than to go home and watch television. relation to the euro, what is the In response, the two entrepreneurs launched a line of socks that not only reinvents the sock (they claim), but also helps those in need. Content perspectives, also known as need-based perspectives, include all except which one of the following theories? The implication of McClellands research is that organizations should try to place people with high needs for social power in managerial jobs. Which theory is based on the phenomenon of social comparison which states that people will act to eliminate any perceived inequity in the rewards they receive for their work in comparison with the rewards that others receive? According to Bhattacharya, a company needs to first define what it does and its long-term purpose, and then reconcile its sustainability goals with its economic goals. c.) physiological, safety, and social. Todays flexible, cost-conscious organizations have no room for top-heavy structures; their high-nAch employees perform their jobs well with minimal supervision. a) The theory may be method bound. Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: SDT researchers have consistently found that as the level of extrinsic rewards increases, the amount of intrinsic motivation decreases. b) Equity, reinforcers, and goals That is, before one type of need can manifest itself, other needs must be satisfied. Our needs for food and water are instinctive. token economy i. There are not enough workers who feel personal satisfaction for having the cleanest floors in a building. [3] [page needed] Stage theories [ edit] Once satisfied, employees will be motivated to build esteem and respect through their work achievements. d) esteem. Because when he digs a hole, he gets results. According to Herzberg, hygiene factors are sources of job satisfaction and motivator factors are sources of job dissatisfaction. The theory posits that to maximize employee motivation, employers must try to guide workers to the upper parts of the hierarchy. The resulting frustration may make satisfying the unmet need even more important to usunless we repeatedly fail to satisfy that need. The theories presented in this section focus on the importance of human needs. b) improved working conditions To fight. d) The theory links motivation and needs to both satisfaction and performance. Motivator factors involve our long-term need to pursue psychological growth (much like Maslows esteem and self-actualization needs). Physiological, safety and social needs are __________ according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. a) Lower-order needs become more important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. b) Stajkovic, Locke, and Blair Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. d) affiliation factors contingency contracting f. Therapies that strive to help clients understand their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. With its purpose and goals defined, it can then educate the workforce on sustainable methods to create knowledge and competence. Employees with high nPow can be beneficial to organizations. Hygiene Placing a company in a larger context and adding a second, higher purpose than the established company goals motivates employees to police the company itself to be a better global citizen. e) Interactional justice. a) expectancies c) top-down goals. Which of the following reflects concerns with expectancy theory? Which of the following is classified as a content theory? Assume that any temporary external investment of money earns I0% per year and that any temporary financing is done at 6%. A problem often discussed in the engineering economy literature is the "oil-well pump problem." See Page 1 Section Reference: Types of Motivation Theories Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. c. mainly by accident. c) ERG theory contends that more than one need may be activated at a particular point in time, whereas Maslow's theory does not. We say these people have a high achievement motive. e) equity, Which equation correctly reflects Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation? 1 . e) working longer hours. b) Higher-order needs become less important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. e) Esteem, relationships, and growth, 64. 66. an individual's choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives. The first of these, satisfaction progression, is in basic agreement with Maslows process of moving through the needs. A manifest need is whatever need is motivating us at a given time. e) Less difficult goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are more difficult goals. d) The research can only be replicated with the original method. All of the following are examples of stage theories in development except _____. A lot of fishing, no fish, and no results equal failure! You can think of content theories of motivation as focusing on WHAT will motivate us. This book uses the then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, the amount of effort a person puts forth. A high social power seeker satisfies needs for power by influencing others, like the personal power seeker. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. More specifically, Herzberg believes these motivators lead to high performance (achievement), and the high performance itself leads to satisfaction. Automation has eliminated many such jobs, but they are still numerous. Achievement needs become manifest when individuals experience certain types of situations. c) Two-factor theory b) Motivator factors include a sense of achievement, recognition, and responsibility. Why or why not? Therefore, the more we satisfy our growth need, the more important it becomes and the more strongly we are motivated to satisfy it. They look at motivation from the perspective of our needs and aspirations. In the context of motivation, persistence refers to __________. e) Organizational justice, According to expectancy theory, the value the individual attaches to various work outcomes is known as __________. On the other hand, SDT would suggest that to enhance intrinsic motivation on jobs that are interesting, dont focus only on increasing extrinsic rewards (like large pay bonuses). . Jason Mackenzie Alexander argues morality is a form of social technology - it is context specific and it can go out-of-date Herzberg considered job duties that lead to feelings of achievement and recognition to be motivators. (Credit: Stefan Chow/ flickr/ Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)), https://openstax.org/books/principles-management/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/principles-management/pages/14-2-content-theories-of-motivation, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The need for affiliation (nAff) reflects a desire to establish and maintain warm and friendly relationships with other people. They want others to respond to their wishes whether or not it is good for the organization. The cell theory includes all of the following EXCEPT: a) All living things are composed of cells. a) Distributive justice High-nAch people are not motivated by tasks that are too easy or extremely difficult. behavioral. To influence or direct the behavior of others by suggestion, seduction, persuasion, or command. To form and further an erotic relationship. d) Existence, relatedness, and goals But managers use theory every day. A PURCHASE DOES NOT INCREASE YOUR CHANCES OF WINNING. d) It is more effective in non-United States cultures. a) Acquired needs theory a) Self-actualization c. reorganizing experience. Which of the following content theories of motivation is associated with the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power? Want to cite, share, or modify this book? Concept related to Betty Neuman's System Model of Nursing is: A. c) affiliation a) difficult goals lead to higher performance than "do your best" or easy goals Theory choice. Joanna likes attention and is driven by seeking influence over others. Research indicates that general goals are much more motivational than specific goals. To put things in order. According to Suppes, all of the following are functions of theory except a. organizing specific data. Learned needs, which Murray called secondary needs, are learned throughout ones life and are basically psychological in nature. b) self esteem d) tacit negative inequity VOID WHERE PROHIBITED. a) MBO To quit embarrassing situations or to avoid conditions that may lead to belittlement or the scorn or indifference of others. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo b) Motivation = expectancy X equity X rewards b) Hierarchy of needs theory This is in contrast to the thousands of needs that earlier researchers had identified, and also fewer than Murray identified in his theory. Further, the evidence accumulated provided only partial support. An overriding principle in this theory is that a persons attention (direction) and energy (intensity) will focus on satisfying the lowest-level need that is not currently satisfied. According to Maslow, lower-level needs must be satisfied before high-level needs can be achieved. Webinars can also be accessed in recorded form at any time 24/7 during the 6-week session. In contrast, he can exert a lot of effort and still not catch a fish. To feed, help, support, console, protect, comfort, nurse, heal. But paying him more will not cause long-term satisfaction unless motivators are present. A person can resolve perceived negative inequity by doing all of the following EXCEPT: SDT would suggest that the primary way to motivate high performance for such jobs is to make performance contingent on extrinsic rewards. To snub or jilt an object. Over time the hobby becomes less fun and is done in order to receive extrinsic rewards (money). To exclude, abandon, expel, or remain indifferent to an inferior object. c) Goals are most likely to lead to higher performance when people have the abilities and the feelings of self-efficacy required to accomplish them. High-nAff people like to be around other people, including other people at work. a) reducing work inputs. Which of the following is true of the use of Maslow's needs hierarchy? But, if they have achievement needs, the job itself creates little motivation to perform. They like situations where the probability of success is moderate. Forming humanistic-altruistic value system . c) Motivator factors involve what people actually do in their jobs. Intense forms of dissatisfaction distract employees from important work-related activities and tend to be demotivating.16 Thus, managers should make sure that such basic needs as adequate pay, safe and clean working conditions, and opportunities for social interaction are met. To conceal or justify a misdeed, failure, or humiliation. According to Maslow, when lower-level needs are reactivated, we once again concentrate on that need. 52. The key difference between theories of learning and models of teaching is that theories describe a. explicit strategies. d) an employee's responsibility to request that their managers develop need profiles required for success in different jobs d.) esteem and physiological. Self-determination theory (SDT) seeks to explain not only what causes motivation, but also how extrinsic rewards affect intrinsic motivation.17 In SDT, extrinsic motivation refers to the performance of an activity in order to attain some valued outcome, while intrinsic motivation refers to performing an activity for the inherent satisfaction of the activity itself. A need is a human condition that becomes energized when people feel deficient in some respect. Job context factors include all of the following except. To make an impression. To control ones human environment. That is, we are motivated by intrinsic rewards, rewards that we more or less give ourselves. a) The multiplier effect is still in question. exports to Europe? Manifest needs theory assumes that human behavior is driven by the desire to satisfy needs. The unique feature of Herzbergs theory is that job conditions that prevent dissatisfaction do not cause satisfaction. c) the satisfaction of a need at one level will always decrease its importance and increase the importance of the next lower need. According to the two-factor theory of motivation, all of the following are sources of job dissatisfaction EXCEPT: d) understand individual employee needs and create work environments that respond to them. According to Maslow, Sharon is driven by which these needs? Because of Herzbergs work, organizations today realize the potential of motivators. That is, we lose interest in the higher-level needs when lower-order needs are energized. Job enrichment programs are among the many direct results of his research. Rather than schedule these inspections during regular hours, they consulted with the maintenance workers, who suggested doing the inspections while sections of the subway were closed to trains for seven consecutive hours. c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. Understand the contributions that Murray, McClelland, Maslow, Alderfer, and Herzberg made toward an understanding of human motivation. 2016. How Companies Can Tap Sustainability to Motivate Staff. http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/how-companies-tap-sustainability-to-motivate-staff/, Mulvey, Kelsey. High need for achievement can also be important, but it sometimes results in too much concern for personal success and not enough for the employers success. Manifest needs dominate our other needs. a) Hygiene factors include achievement and recognition. Understand the content theories of motivation. __________ is classified as a process theory. To have sexual intercourse. Content theories tend to: emphasize the direction component of motivation All of the following are process theories of motivation EXCEPT: SDT The term operant conditioning is used to indicate that the learning process is based on the results produced by a person operating on the: environment A reclusive accountant may not have been given the opportunity to demonstrate their need for achievement because they never received challenging assignments. The basis behind this theory is that segments of DNA that occur at the . The theories presented in this section focus on the importance of human needs. Launched in 2013, Bombas is the brain child of Randy Goldberg and David Heath. d. serving as a research framework. e.) safety and self-actualization. SDT takes the concepts of extrinsic rewards and intrinsic motivation further than the other need theories. Performing well on this job wont satisfy their need to be around other people. e) Less difficult goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are more difficult goals. In expectancy theory, instrumentality is the probability that work effort will be followed by a given level of performance accomplishment. e) relatedness. c) ERG theory contends that more than one need may be activated at a particular point in time, whereas Maslow's theory does not. d) power The Victims' Rights Movement. b) Esteem But, once those esteem needs are satisfied, Maslow predicted that self-actualization needs would dominate. https://www.employeebenefits.co.uk/issues/april-2017/rbs-boosts-employee-motivation-engagement-csr-approach/, Bombas. C. Cultivating sensitivity to self and others . Earrings Depot records bad debt using the allowance, balance sheet method. e) inducements. Drugs that lower anxiety and reduce stress. d) Self-actualization a) ERG theory d) working conditions. Instincts are our natural, fundamental needs, basic to our survival. a.) b) Task feedback, or knowledge of results, is likely to motivate people toward higher performance by encouraging the setting of higher performance goals. cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)b. The genetic theory of aging states that lifespan is largely determined by the genes we inherit. d) Motivation-hygiene theory 57. c) supervision. Vroom's expectancy theory argues that work motivation is determined by an individual's beliefs regarding the linkage between effort and performance, the linkage between performance and work outcomes, and the value placed on those work outcomes. According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, which of the following factors are the sources of job satisfaction? e.) ERG, According to equity theory, __________ exists when an individual feels that he or she has received relatively less than others have received in proportion to work inputs. insight therapies a. c) hygiene factors involve the work setting or the environment in which people work. According to the two-factor theory of motivation, all of the following are sources of job satisfaction EXCEPT: Starting tellers at a Chase Bank make a reported $36,100 per year and are in a position that has repeated tasks and may not be the most rewarding from a motivational point of view. To please and win affection of a coveted object. Lucretias chattiness probably indicates her need for affiliation.
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